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The attorney-client relationship The attorney-client relationship has deep roots in this country and is one of the foremost ties built on trust.  The relationship can be established any time an attorney has given, or promises to give, legal advice to an individual seeking it.  However, the attorney-client confidentiality extends to potential clients as well, meaning…

For the first time in history, a presumptive presidential nominee from one of the two major United States’ political parties is a convicted felon.  The Constitution lays out just three requirements for presidential candidates. They must (1) be a natural born citizen; (2) be at least 35 years old; and (3) have been a US…

With a presidential election looming in November, once again the topic of voting, and voter rights, have become front and center.  In the United States, almost all people with felony convictions lose their voting rights for a certain period.  Individual states set rules about how a felony conviction affects a resident’s ability to vote. Most…

The differences between federal and state courts are defined mainly by jurisdiction.  Jurisdiction refers to the kinds of cases a court is authorized to hear. Most criminal cases involve violations of state law and are tried in state court, but criminal cases involving federal laws can be tried only in federal court. We all know,…

The Drug Enforcement Administration is expected to approve an opinion by the Department of Health and Human Services that marijuana should be reclassified from the strictest Schedule I to the less stringent Schedule III. It would be the first time that the U.S. government has acknowledged its potential medical benefits and begun studying them in…

Recently, a client wanted to have a serious discussion about having a pardon.  Many times the answer is unless you know the President personally, you don’t have a chance.  However, that is not necessarily the case.  Each year the average President receives XX applications for pardon.  Technically, a presidential pardon is a right granted to…

What makes a good sentencing memorandum? The defense sentencing memorandum is the cornerstone of advocacy for a rigorous defense at sentencing.  This is because, admittedly many Judges already have an idea of the sentence they will impose by the time the hearing arrives.  By the time of the hearing, the Judge has already read the…

Years ago, I had a client place me on retainer (as he knew he was being investigated and wanted to have me lined up in case he was arrested).  He thought the case would be a state case, but it turns out federal law enforcement had been following him for a while and the case…

What is the difference between federal versus state criminal cases? The state court and federal court are two entirely different systems — with different courthouses and judges.  Federal judges, appointed by the President and then ratified by Congress, preside over federal criminal cases.  State court judges, who are elected in local elections, preside over state criminal…

The First Step Act of December 2018 The First Step was signed in December 2018, enacting several changes in U.S. federal criminal law aimed at reforming federal prisons and sentencing laws in order to reduce recidivism, decreasing the federal inmate population, and maintaining public safety.  The most often cited changes to the law are as follows: Section 401 amends…